Why gums bleed
The main cause is plaque. Plaque is a sticky film that forms on teeth. If it isn't cleaned off, it builds up and irritates the gums, says the NHS. Irritated gums become puffy, tender and red, and they can bleed when you brush, floss or bite hard food.
This early stage is called gum disease. Bleeding gums aren't normal, even if they don't hurt.
Signs to look for
The NHS lists these signs of gum disease:
- gums that are puffy, tender or sore
- bleeding when you brush, floss or eat
- bad breath or a bad taste
- gums that pull back
- loose teeth, in later stages
- a dental abscess
See a dentist soon if you notice any of these. Get an urgent appointment for severe swelling or pain, loose teeth, sores or red patches in your mouth, or a lump in your mouth or on your lip.
What you can do at home
The NHS suggests these steps:
- Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Spit, but don't rinse with water straight after.
- Clean between your teeth every day, with floss or small brushes.
- Avoid mouthwash straight after brushing.
- Don't smoke. If you smoke, ask for help to stop.
- Keep going to check-ups and hygiene visits. This matters most if you're pregnant or have type 2 diabetes.
Your gums may bleed a little more when you first start to clean them better. It often settles in a week or two as they get healthier. If it doesn't, see your dentist.
What a hygienist does
A dental hygienist cleans your teeth professionally. They remove plaque and tartar that brushing misses. They also show you how to clean your teeth and gums at home.
Our guide price for a hygiene appointment is £59, or £89 with Airflow. See our hygiene page.
When it needs more
Mild cases can usually be managed with advice and a professional clean. More serious gum disease may need a deep clean below the gum line. The NHS says it can also need antibiotics, taking out some teeth, or gum surgery. Your dentist may refer you to a specialist.
At Boston Dental HQ, a periodontal assessment is £89 (guide price), and a deep clean is from £125, or from £185 with local anaesthetic. Non-surgical gum treatment is from £250 per side. Your dentist will tell you what you need. Read more on our gum care page and pricing page.
Treatment can slow or stop gum disease, but it can't bring back gum or bone that has been lost. It may come back if plaque builds up again, so keeping up your cleaning matters.
Start with a check-up
If your gums bleed, the simplest next step is a check-up. Your dentist will look at your gums, explain what is going on, and agree a plan with you.